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added git ignore and more file
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‎.gitignore

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more-projects.ipynb
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decision-control-in-python.ipynb

‎Operators_in_Python.ipynb

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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 25,
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"execution_count": 17,
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"id": "579476a5-b4da-4a82-a81f-eed0955293cd",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
@@ -57,7 +57,56 @@
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"Bitwise Operators\n",
60-
"2\n"
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"x & y = 2\n",
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"x | y = 3\n",
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"x ^ y = 1\n",
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"~x = -3\n",
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"x << 1 = 4\n",
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"x >> 1 = 1\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"Assignment operators\n",
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"Initial x: 5\n",
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"After x += 3: 8\n",
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"After x -= 2: 6\n",
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"After x *= 4: 24\n",
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"After x /= 2: 12.0\n",
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"After x //= 3: 4.0\n",
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"After x %= 4: 0.0\n",
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"After x **= 2: 0.0\n",
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"After x &= 2: 0\n",
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"After x |= 1: 1\n",
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"After x ^= 2: 3\n",
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"After x <<= 1: 6\n",
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"After x >>= 2: 1\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"Identity Operators\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"True\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"Membership Operators\n",
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"Is 'Python' in sentence? True\n",
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"Is 'java' in sentence? False\n",
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"Is 'banana' in fruits? True\n",
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"Is 'grape' in fruits? False\n",
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"Is 3 in numbers? True\n",
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"Is 10 in numbers? False\n",
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"Is 'age' in person? True\n",
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"Is 'address' in person? False\n",
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"Is 'Java' not in sentence? True\n",
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"Is 'Python' not in sentence? False\n",
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"Is 'orange' not in fruits? True\n",
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"Is 'banana' not in fruits? False\n",
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"Is 6 not in numbers? True\n",
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"Is 2 not in numbers? False\n",
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"Is 'phone' not in person? True\n",
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"Is 'city' not in person? False\n"
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]
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}
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],
@@ -106,9 +155,238 @@
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"## Bitwise Operators\n",
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"print('\\n')\n",
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"print('Bitwise Operators')\n",
109-
"x=6\n",
110-
"y=3\n",
111-
"print(x & y) ## The & operator compares each bit and set it to 1 if both are 1, otherwise it is set to 0\n"
158+
"# 1. Bitwise AND (&)\n",
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"x = 2 # binary: 10\n",
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"y = 3 # binary: 11\n",
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"## The & operator compares each bit and sets it to 1 if both are 1, otherwise it is set to 0\n",
162+
"print(\"x & y =\", x & y) # Bitwise AND\n",
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"\n",
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"# 2. Bitwise OR (|)\n",
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"## The | operator compares each bit and sets it to 1 if one or both bits are 1, otherwise it is set to 0\n",
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"print(\"x | y =\", x | y) # Bitwise OR\n",
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"\n",
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"# 3. Bitwise XOR (^)\n",
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"## The ^ operator compares each bit and sets it to 1 if the bits are different, otherwise it is set to 0\n",
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"print(\"x ^ y =\", x ^ y) # Bitwise XOR\n",
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"\n",
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"# 4. Bitwise NOT (~)\n",
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"## The ~ operator inverts each bit of the number (complement), changing 0 to 1 and 1 to 0\n",
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"print(\"~x =\", ~x) # Bitwise NOT\n",
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"\n",
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"# 5. Left Shift (<<)\n",
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"## The << operator shifts the bits to the left by a specified number of positions. \n",
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"## Each left shift by n positions multiplies the number by 2^n.\n",
179+
"print(\"x << 1 =\", x << 1) # Left Shift\n",
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"\n",
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"# 6. Right Shift (>>)\n",
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"## The >> operator shifts the bits to the right by a specified number of positions. \n",
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"## Each right shift by n positions divides the number by 2^n.\n",
184+
"print(\"x >> 1 =\", x >> 1) # Right Shift\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
187+
"## Assignment operators\n",
188+
"print('\\n')\n",
189+
"print('Assignment operators')\n",
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"\n",
191+
"x = 5 # Initial value of x is 5\n",
192+
"print(\"Initial x:\", x) # Output: 5\n",
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"\n",
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"# 1. Add and Assign (+=)\n",
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"x += 3 # Same as x = x + 3\n",
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"print(\"After x += 3:\", x) # Output: 8 (5 + 3)\n",
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"\n",
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"# 2. Subtract and Assign (-=)\n",
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"x -= 2 # Same as x = x - 2\n",
200+
"print(\"After x -= 2:\", x) # Output: 6 (8 - 2)\n",
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"\n",
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"# 3. Multiply and Assign (*=)\n",
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"x *= 4 # Same as x = x * 4\n",
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"print(\"After x *= 4:\", x) # Output: 24 (6 * 4)\n",
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"\n",
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"# 4. Divide and Assign (/=)\n",
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"x /= 2 # Same as x = x / 2\n",
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"print(\"After x /= 2:\", x) # Output: 12.0 (24 / 2), result is a float\n",
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"\n",
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"# 5. Floor Division and Assign (//=)\n",
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"x //= 3 # Same as x = x // 3\n",
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"print(\"After x //= 3:\", x) # Output: 4.0 (12.0 // 3), result is a float\n",
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"\n",
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"# 6. Modulus and Assign (%=)\n",
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"x %= 4 # Same as x = x % 4\n",
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"print(\"After x %= 4:\", x) # Output: 0.0 (4.0 % 4)\n",
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"\n",
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"# 7. Exponentiation and Assign (**=)\n",
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"x **= 2 # Same as x = x ** 2\n",
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"print(\"After x **= 2:\", x) # Output: 0.0 (0.0 ** 2)\n",
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"\n",
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"# 8. Bitwise AND and Assign (&=)\n",
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"x = 5 # Reset x to 5 for bitwise operations\n",
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"x &= 2 # Bitwise AND\n",
225+
"print(\"After x &= 2:\", x) # Output: 0 (binary: 010 & 001 = 000)\n",
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"\n",
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"# 9. Bitwise OR and Assign (|=)\n",
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"x |= 1 # Bitwise OR\n",
229+
"print(\"After x |= 1:\", x) # Output: 1 (binary: 000 | 001 = 001)\n",
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"\n",
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"# 10. Bitwise XOR and Assign (^=)\n",
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"x ^= 2 # Bitwise XOR\n",
233+
"print(\"After x ^= 2:\", x) # Output: 3 (binary: 001 ^ 010 = 011)\n",
234+
"\n",
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"# 11. Bitwise Left Shift and Assign (<<=)\n",
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"x <<= 1 # Bitwise Left Shift\n",
237+
"print(\"After x <<= 1:\", x) # Output: 6 (binary: 011 << 1 = 110)\n",
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"\n",
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"# 12. Bitwise Right Shift and Assign (>>=)\n",
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"x >>= 2 # Bitwise Right Shift\n",
241+
"print(\"After x >>= 2:\", x) # Output: 1 (binary: 110 >> 2 = 001)\n",
242+
"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"## Identity Operators\n",
247+
"print('\\n')\n",
248+
"print('Identity Operators')\n",
249+
"# 1. Using 'is' Operator: Check if two variables refer to the same object\n",
250+
"a = [1, 2, 3]\n",
251+
"b = a # 'b' points to the same list object as 'a'\n",
252+
"print(a is b) # Output: True, since 'a' and 'b' point to the same object in memory\n",
253+
"\n",
254+
"# Explanation:\n",
255+
"# Here, both 'a' and 'b' are referencing the same list object. Therefore, 'a is b' returns True.\n",
256+
"\n",
257+
"# 2. Using 'is not' Operator: Check if two variables do not refer to the same object\n",
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"\n",
259+
"x = [1, 2, 3]\n",
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"y = [1, 2, 3] # 'y' is a new list object with the same values as 'x'\n",
261+
"print(x is not y) # Output: True, since 'x' and 'y' are different objects in memory, even though they have the same values.\n",
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"\n",
263+
"# Explanation:\n",
264+
"# Even though the lists 'x' and 'y' have the same values, they are stored in different memory locations, \n",
265+
"# so 'x is not y' returns True.\n",
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"\n",
267+
"# 3. Using 'is' with None: Check if a variable is None\n",
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"\n",
269+
"z = None\n",
270+
"print(z is None) # Output: True, since 'z' is explicitly set to None\n",
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"\n",
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"# Explanation:\n",
273+
"# The 'is' operator is commonly used to check if a variable is 'None'. Since 'z' is set to 'None',\n",
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"# the result is True.\n",
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"\n",
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"# 4. 'is not' with None: Check if a variable is not None\n",
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"\n",
278+
"a = [10, 20, 30]\n",
279+
"print(a is not None) # Output: True, since 'a' is not None\n",
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"\n",
281+
"# Explanation:\n",
282+
"# 'a' is a list object and is not None. So, 'a is not None' returns True.\n",
283+
"\n",
284+
"# 5. Using 'is' for String Interning\n",
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"\n",
286+
"str1 = \"hello\"\n",
287+
"str2 = \"hello\" # Python optimizes string memory by pointing both 'str1' and 'str2' to the same memory location\n",
288+
"print(str1 is str2) # Output: True, because Python reuses the same object for identical strings\n",
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"\n",
290+
"# Explanation:\n",
291+
"# Python uses **string interning**, meaning identical strings (that are immutable) may refer to the same memory location.\n",
292+
"# So, 'str1 is str2' returns True.\n",
293+
"\n",
294+
"# 6. Using 'is not' for List Comparison\n",
295+
"\n",
296+
"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\n",
297+
"list2 = [1, 2, 3] # Although the lists have the same elements, they are different objects in memory\n",
298+
"print(list1 is not list2) # Output: True, since list1 and list2 are different objects, despite having the same values\n",
299+
"\n",
300+
"# Explanation:\n",
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"# Even though both lists have the same values, they are stored at different memory locations,\n",
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"# so 'list1 is not list2' returns True.\n",
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"\n",
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"# Conclusion:\n",
305+
"# - 'is' checks if two variables point to the same object in memory.\n",
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"# - 'is not' checks if two variables point to different objects in memory.\n",
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"# - These operators are used for identity comparisons (memory location), not for value comparisons.\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"## Membership Operators\n",
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"print('\\n')\n",
314+
"print('Membership Operators')\n",
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"\n",
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"# Example of Membership Operators: 'in' and 'not in'\n",
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"\n",
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"# 1. Using 'in' with a String: Checks if a substring exists in the string\n",
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"sentence = \"Python programming is fun\"\n",
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"print(\"Is 'Python' in sentence?\", 'Python' in sentence) # Output: True, because 'Python' is in the string\n",
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"print(\"Is 'java' in sentence?\", 'java' in sentence) # Output: False, because 'java' is not in the string\n",
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"\n",
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"# Explanation:\n",
324+
"# 'Python' is a part of the string \"Python programming is fun\", so 'Python' in sentence returns True.\n",
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"# 'java' is not part of the string, so 'java' in sentence returns False.\n",
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"\n",
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"# 2. Using 'in' with a List: Checks if an element exists in the list\n",
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"fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",
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"print(\"Is 'banana' in fruits?\", 'banana' in fruits) # Output: True, because 'banana' is in the list\n",
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"print(\"Is 'grape' in fruits?\", 'grape' in fruits) # Output: False, because 'grape' is not in the list\n",
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"\n",
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"# Explanation:\n",
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"# 'banana' is present in the list ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], so 'banana' in fruits returns True.\n",
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"# 'grape' is not present in the list, so 'grape' in fruits returns False.\n",
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"\n",
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"# 3. Using 'in' with a Tuple: Checks if an element exists in the tuple\n",
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"numbers = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n",
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"print(\"Is 3 in numbers?\", 3 in numbers) # Output: True, because 3 is in the tuple\n",
339+
"print(\"Is 10 in numbers?\", 10 in numbers) # Output: False, because 10 is not in the tuple\n",
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"\n",
341+
"# Explanation:\n",
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"# 3 is present in the tuple (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), so 3 in numbers returns True.\n",
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"# 10 is not in the tuple, so 10 in numbers returns False.\n",
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"\n",
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"# 4. Using 'in' with a Dictionary (Checking for Keys): Checks if a key exists in the dictionary\n",
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"person = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}\n",
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"print(\"Is 'age' in person?\", 'age' in person) # Output: True, because 'age' is a key in the dictionary\n",
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"print(\"Is 'address' in person?\", 'address' in person) # Output: False, because 'address' is not a key in the dictionary\n",
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"\n",
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"# Explanation:\n",
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"# 'age' is a key in the dictionary {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}, \n",
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"# so 'age' in person returns True.\n",
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"# 'address' is not a key in the dictionary, so 'address' in person returns False.\n",
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"\n",
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"##===================\n",
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"\n",
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"# 5. Using 'not in' with a String: Checks if a substring does not exist in the string\n",
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"print(\"Is 'Java' not in sentence?\", 'Java' not in sentence) # Output: True, because 'Java' is not in the string\n",
359+
"print(\"Is 'Python' not in sentence?\", 'Python' not in sentence) # Output: False, because 'Python' is in the string\n",
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"\n",
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"# Explanation:\n",
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"# 'Java' is not part of the string \"Python programming is fun\", so 'Java' not in sentence returns True.\n",
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"# 'Python' is part of the string, so 'Python' not in sentence returns False.\n",
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"\n",
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"# 6. Using 'not in' with a List: Checks if an element does not exist in the list\n",
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"print(\"Is 'orange' not in fruits?\", 'orange' not in fruits) # Output: True, because 'orange' is not in the list\n",
367+
"print(\"Is 'banana' not in fruits?\", 'banana' not in fruits) # Output: False, because 'banana' is in the list\n",
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"\n",
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"# Explanation:\n",
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"# 'orange' is not present in the list ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry'], so 'orange' not in fruits returns True.\n",
371+
"# 'banana' is in the list, so 'banana' not in fruits returns False.\n",
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"\n",
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"# 7. Using 'not in' with a Tuple: Checks if an element does not exist in the tuple\n",
374+
"print(\"Is 6 not in numbers?\", 6 not in numbers) # Output: True, because 6 is not in the tuple\n",
375+
"print(\"Is 2 not in numbers?\", 2 not in numbers) # Output: False, because 2 is in the tuple\n",
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"\n",
377+
"# Explanation:\n",
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"# 6 is not in the tuple (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), so 6 not in numbers returns True.\n",
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"# 2 is in the tuple, so 2 not in numbers returns False.\n",
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"\n",
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"# 8. Using 'not in' with a Dictionary (Checking for Keys): Checks if a key does not exist in the dictionary\n",
382+
"print(\"Is 'phone' not in person?\", 'phone' not in person) # Output: True, because 'phone' is not a key in the dictionary\n",
383+
"print(\"Is 'city' not in person?\", 'city' not in person) # Output: False, because 'city' is a key in the dictionary\n",
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"\n",
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"# Explanation:\n",
386+
"# 'phone' is not a key in the dictionary {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'},\n",
387+
"# so 'phone' not in person returns True.\n",
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"# 'city' is a key in the dictionary, so 'city' not in person returns False.\n",
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"\n"
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]
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},
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{
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
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"display_name": "Python 3",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},

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