[PM-21377] Add missing purecrypto functions

[quexten]

🎟️ Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/PM-21377

📔 Objective

Add remaining missing functions needed to port encrypt service to sdk.
Ref: https://github.com/bitwarden/clients/blob/87a1f4e8ac928edfb05a283372550d0792c71827/libs/common/src/key-management/crypto/abstractions/encrypt.service.ts#L105-L188

Note: The way that this uses the key context is not ideal, but this should not be handled in this PR. This PR is to make the public interface available to unblock clients changes. Follow-up work (such as #221) can expose better apis from bitwarden-crypto and move PureCrypto to it.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation
  team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed
  issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[github-actions]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – 2d8d1cea-792a-42dd-83ee-07a13611f8e4

Great job, no security vulnerabilities found in this Pull Request

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 94.54545% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 69.81%. Comparing base (90c331a) to head (1e0bd41).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/bitwarden-wasm-internal/src/pure_crypto.rs	94.54%	9 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #267      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   69.56%   69.81%   +0.25%     
==========================================
  Files         213      213              
  Lines       16644    16809     +165     
==========================================
+ Hits        11578    11735     +157     
- Misses       5066     5074       +8     

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions
E Security Rating on New Code (required ≥ A)

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

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[coroiu]

@quexten do we wanna document these functions maybe? I understand that they are temporary, but still

[quexten]

@coroiu Good point, follow-up PR with docs is here: #268